Marking up or marking down prices. A not uncommon  method of manipulating a stock is by
washing, which consists in buying and selling the stock at the same time. The speculator who
seeks to advance a stock in price by manipulation gives to one broker an order to bid it up on a
scale (that is, after each transaction in the stock to offer to buy a certain amount of the stock at,
say, 1-8 of 1 per cent above the last price). To another broker the speculator gives an order to
simultaneously sell the same amount of the stock at the advancing prices. Thus, the speculator
raises the price of the stock without actually acquiring any stock. If the speculator seeks to
depress a stock in price the method pursued is the same. To one broker is given an order to offer
the stock down (that is, after each transaction in the stock to offer to sell it at, say, 1-8 per cent
below the last price). To another broker is given an order to buy the stock. These offsetting buying
and selling orders which result in no accumulation of stockare known as wash or matched orders;
and the process of advancing (or depressing) prices by wash or matched orders is known as
marking up (or marking down) prices.